Computer internal parts are the main components that work together to make a computer run smoothly. These parts are placed inside the computer case and each one has a special job, such as processing data, storing information, or controlling power and connections. Learning the names of computer internal parts in English helps students and beginners understand how a computer works from the inside. In this article, you will learn the Computer Internal Parts Names in English and clear pictures, making it easy to identify each part and understand its function in a simple way.
Names of Computer Internal Parts in English
- CPU
- Processor
- Motherboard
- Chipset
- RAM
- ROM
- Cache
- Heatsink
- Fan
- PowerSupply
- Transformer
- Rectifier
- Capacitor
- Resistor
- Transistor
- Diode
- Inductor
- Crystal
- Socket
- Slot
Top 100 Computer Internal Parts with Pictures
- CPU
The main part of a computer that thinks and works on instructions, just like the brain controls the body.
- Processor
An electronic chip inside the CPU that performs calculations and makes decisions for the computer.
- Motherboard
The large main board that holds and connects all computer parts so they can communicate with each other.
- Chipset
A group of small controllers on the motherboard that manage how data moves between the CPU, memory, and devices.
- RAM
Temporary memory that stores data the computer is using right now, allowing fast work and smooth performance.
- ROM
Permanent memory that keeps important instructions needed to start the computer, even when power is off.
- Cache
Very fast memory inside or near the CPU that stores frequently used data to speed up processing.
- Heatsink
A metal part that absorbs and spreads heat away from the processor to prevent overheating.
- Fan
- A cooling device that moves air to remove heat from internal computer parts.
- Power Supply
A unit that changes electricity from the wall into safe power that computer parts can use.
- Transformer
An electrical device that increases or decreases voltage to protect electronic components.
- Rectifier
A circuit that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) for electronic use.
- Capacitor
A small component that stores and releases electrical energy to keep power steady.
- Resistor
A component that controls the flow of electric current to protect circuits from damage.
- Transistor
A tiny switch that controls signals and power inside electronic devices.
- Diode
A component that allows electric current to flow in only one direction.
- Inductor
A coil that stores energy in a magnetic field and helps control current changes.
- Socket
A holder on the motherboard where the processor or chip is placed securely.
- Slot
An opening on the motherboard used to insert expansion cards or memory modules.
Top 100 Computer Internal Parts with Pictures
List of Computer Internal items
- Bus
- BIOS
- UEFI
- Firmware
- Battery
- CMOS
- HardDrive
- Platter
- Spindle
- Actuator
- ReadHead
- WriteHead
- SSD
- Controller
- NAND
- Flash
- GPU
- GraphicsCard
- VRAM
- Shader
20 Names of Computer Internal Parts in English with Pictures
- Bus
The communication path that carries data, power, and signals between computer parts.
- BIOS
A basic program stored on the motherboard that helps start the computer and check hardware.
- UEFI
A modern replacement for BIOS that starts the computer faster and supports new hardware features.
- Firmware
Built-in software that controls how a hardware device works at a basic level.
- Battery
A small power source that keeps system settings saved when the computer is turned off.
- CMOS
A memory chip that stores date, time, and hardware settings for the computer.
- Hard Drive
A storage device that saves data using spinning disks and magnetic technology.
- Platter
A circular disk inside a hard drive where data is stored in magnetic form.
- Spindle
The central rod that holds platters and spins them at high speed.
- Actuator
A moving arm that positions the read and write heads over the platter.
- Read Head
A tiny component that reads data from the surface of the hard drive.
- Write Head
A small part that records data onto the hard drive platter.
- SSD
A fast storage device that saves data using electronic memory instead of spinning parts.
- Controller
A chip that manages how data is stored, read, and written in storage devices.
- NAND
A type of memory technology used in SSDs to store data efficiently.
- Flash
Non-volatile memory that keeps data even when power is removed.
- GPU
A processor designed to handle images, videos, and visual effects quickly.
- Graphics Card
A hardware component that produces images and sends them to the display.
- VRAM
Special memory on the graphics card that stores image and video data.
- Shader
A small program that controls how colors, light, and effects appear in graphics.
20 Names of Computer Internal Parts in English with Pictures
Explore Computer Internal Parts Names in English
- SoundCard
- NetworkCard
- EthernetPort
- WiFiCard
- BluetoothModule
- Modem
- ExpansionCard
- PCIe
- Bridge
- Northbridge
- Southbridge
- HeatPipe
- ThermalPaste
- VoltageRegulator
- MOSFET
- Choke
- Coil
- Oscillator
- Clock
- Timer
List of Computer Internal Parts with Pictures
- Sound Card
A component that processes audio so the computer can play sounds and record voices clearly.
- Network Card
Hardware that allows a computer to connect to a network and share data with other devices.
- Ethernet Port
A socket where a network cable is plugged in to provide a fast and stable internet connection.
- Wi-Fi Card
A device that lets a computer connect to wireless networks without using cables.
- Bluetooth Module
A small unit that enables short-range wireless communication with nearby devices.
- Modem
A device that converts internet signals so data can travel between the computer and service provider.
- Expansion Card
An add-on board used to increase a computer’s abilities, such as sound, video, or networking.
- PCIe
A high-speed connection slot on the motherboard for graphics cards and other expansion cards.
- Bridge
A controller that helps different parts of the computer communicate with each other.
- Northbridge
A chipset part that handled fast connections between the CPU, memory, and graphics.
- Southbridge
A chipset part that managed slower components like USB, audio, and storage devices.
- Heat Pipe
A sealed tube that transfers heat away from hot components to keep them cool.
- Thermal Paste
A soft material placed between a chip and heatsink to improve heat transfer.
- Voltage Regulator
A circuit that supplies steady and safe voltage to sensitive components.
- MOSFET
An electronic switch that controls power flow efficiently inside circuits.
- Choke
A component that filters electrical noise and smooths current flow.
- Coil
A wound wire that stores energy in a magnetic field and controls current changes.
- Oscillator
A circuit that creates regular electrical signals for timing purposes.
- Clock
A signal that sets the speed and rhythm of computer operations.
- Timer
A circuit that measures time delays and controls when actions occur.
List of Computer Internal Parts with Pictures
Types of Computer Part
- Backplane
- Daughterboard
- RibbonCable
- SATA
- IDE
- PowerConnector
- DataConnector
- Header
- Jumper
- Switch
- Fuse
- Relay
- Sensor
- Thermistor
- Photodiode
- Microcontroller
- Coprocessor
- Accelerator
- FPGA
- ASIC
Names of Computer Internal Parts with Images
- Backplane
A large circuit board that holds and connects many other boards so they can share power and signals.
- Daughterboard
A small extra board that plugs into a main board to add new features or functions.
- Ribbon Cable
A flat cable made of many thin wires used to connect parts inside electronic devices.
- SATA
A modern connection used to link hard drives or SSDs to the motherboard for fast data transfer.
- IDE
An older type of data cable used to connect hard drives and optical drives in early computers.
- Power Connector
A connector that delivers electrical power from the supply to a device or component.
- Data Connector
A connector that allows information to move between electronic parts.
- Header
A row of metal pins on a board used to attach cables, buttons, or small devices.
- Jumper
A tiny removable piece that changes hardware settings by connecting pins.
- Switch
A device that controls whether electricity flows or stops in a circuit.
- Fuse
A safety part that breaks the circuit when too much current flows.
- Relay
An electrically controlled switch that lets a small signal control a larger load.
- Sensor
A device that detects changes like heat, light, or movement and sends a signal.
- Thermistor
A component whose resistance changes with temperature.
- Photodiode
A light-sensitive component that produces an electrical response when exposed to light.
- Microcontroller
A small computer chip used to control machines, tools, and electronic systems.
- Coprocessor
A helper processor that supports the main CPU by handling special tasks.
- Accelerator
Special hardware designed to make certain operations run faster.
- FPGA
A programmable chip that can be customized to perform specific hardware tasks.
- ASIC
A chip built for one specific job, offering high speed and efficiency.
Names of Computer Internal Parts with Images
Internal Part of a Computer
- Bootloader
- Microcode
- Register
- Core
- Thread
- Pipeline
- Cacheline
- Bit
- Byte
- Word
- AddressBus
- DataBus
- ControlBus
- Latch
- FlipFlop
- LogicGate
- ALU
- MMU
- DMA
- InterruptController
Computer Internal Parts with Images and Names
- Bootloader
A small program that starts the computer and loads the operating system into memory.
- Microcode
Low-level instructions inside the CPU that control how hardware instructions are carried out.
- Register
A very small and fast storage area inside the CPU used to hold data temporarily.
- Core
An independent processing unit inside a processor that can run programs on its own.
- Thread
A single path of execution that allows a program to do tasks in parallel.
- Pipeline
A method where instruction steps are processed in stages to improve speed.
- Cacheline
A fixed-size block of data moved between cache and main memory together.
- Bit
The smallest unit of data that can be either 0 or 1.
- Byte
A group of eight bits used to represent a single character or value.
- Word
A fixed-sized piece of data that a processor handles at one time.
- Address Bus
A set of lines used to specify the location of data in memory.
- Data Bus
A pathway that carries actual data between components.
- Control Bus
A set of lines that carry commands and control signals in a system.
- Latch
A simple memory element that stores a value while enabled.
- Flip-Flop
A basic memory circuit that stores one bit and changes state on a signal.
- Logic Gate
An electronic circuit that performs basic logical operations like AND or OR.
- ALU
The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical calculations.
- MMU
A unit that manages memory access and translates addresses.
- DMA
A method that allows devices to transfer data without using the CPU.
- Interrupt Controller
A component that manages and prioritizes interrupt signals sent to the CPU
Computer Internal Parts with Images and Names
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